 |
 |
 |
 |
Hemoglobin
Removal with NuGel™ Dry-Bead Format
-
Has
a high degree of specificity for hemoglobin binding up to 10 mg/ml
-
Removes
hemoglobin from any species blood including human, mouse, rat,
sheep, bovine, goat, etc
-
Removes
hemoglobin from clarified organ/tissue lysates.
-
Hemoglobin
removal from red blood cell lysate for proteomics and biomarker drug
discovery
-
The
flow through fractions (hemoglobin depleted) retain their enzymatic
and biological activity
-
Compatible
with LC-MS, activity-based profiling and proteomic investigations
-
Validated
in the automation compatible high-throughput DPX Technologies XTR
tip format
Click Here To View NuGel-Hemoglobind™ Product Sheet
NuGel™ Hemoglobind™ is a modified
version of suspension HemogloBind™, engineered for increased
stability and improved installation for high-throughput formats. It
is based on NuGel™ silica (50 microns in size, 1000Å) covalently
bound to elastomeric polyelectrolytes. Comparable to selection
properties of suspension HemogloBind™, at recommended quantities,
>95% of hemoglobin can be removed with very high selectivity.
Product
|
Size
|
Total Sample Processed
|
Product Code
|
NuGel-HemogloBind™
|
25 preps
|
500µl of blood or 5 ml of
Hemolyzed Serum or Plasma
|
NP-HO-T25
|
NuGel-HemogloBind™
|
50 preps
|
1 ml of blood or 10 ml of
Hemolyzed Serum or Plasma
|
NP-HO-T50
|
NuGel-HemogloBind™
|
5 preps
|
100µl of blood or 1 ml of
Hemolyzed Serum or Plasma
|
Included in HemoTrial™ kit
(HTK-05)
|
NuGel-HemogloBind™
|
5 preps
|
100µl of blood or 1 ml of
Hemolyzed Serum or Plasma
|
Included in HemogloBind™
Trial kit (HB145K)
|
Kit includes:
Items Required
|
25 Prep
|
50 Prep
|
Reagent
|
NuGel-HemogloBind™
|
1.25 grams
|
2.5 gram
|
Supplied
|
Hemoglobin Binding Buffer (HB)
|
15 ml
|
30 ml
|
Supplied
|
SpinX Centrifuge tube filters
|
25
|
50
|
Supplied
|
Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
Rubio-Navarro, Alfonso, et al."Hemoglobin induces monocyte recruitment and CD163-macrophage polarization in abdominal aortic aneurysm."International Journal of Cardiology (2015)."
A research article by authors Rubio-Navarro, Alfonso, et al in the journal International Journal of Cardiology (http://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(15)30284-9/fulltext) cites Biotech Support Group’s HemogloBind™ sample preparation reagent to deplete hemoglobin (Hb) from conditioned medium from healthy aortas or abdominal aortic aneurysm. The article states:"Conditioned mediums from AAA were incubated with HemogloBind™ reagent for hemoglobin depletion"
HemogloBind™ binds hemoglobin from biological fluids and the reagent is a poly-electrolyte mixture. High infiltration of CD163 monocytes surrounding micro-vesicles, low expression of CD14+ & CD16- monocytes and high CD163 mRNA/protein expression is a feature of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) molecular pathology. Healthy aorta conditioned medium or complete or hemoglobin-depleted conditioned medium from abdominal aortic aneurysm were mixed with M-CSF macrophages to track CD163 and HLA-DR expression or hemoglobin uptake.In addition to monocyte migration and macrophage expression, the expression of MHCII molecules (CD74 & HLA-DR) and interleukins are obtained. High CD163+ macrophages in AAA adventitia wall picks up hemoglobin. High hemoglobin content and high CD14++CD16++CD163++ monocytes are observed in AAA. Monocytes take up hemoglobin and cause high anti-inflammatory IL-10 release and less IL-12p40 secretion. Hemoglobin in aneurysm sites increases monocyte differentiation into CD163high and HLA-DRlow expressing macrophages.
CD163 on the surface of monocytes and tissue macrophages scavenges hemoglobin mainly in the Hb-derived iron rich AAA adventitia. CD163 causes less hemoglobin concentration, high heme oxygenase biosynthesis, interleukin -1 release, high CD163 and HLA-DR expression. Hemoglobin causes high monocyte chemotaxis in AAA samples. Adding conditioned medium also increases monocyte migration. Hb or AAA conditioned medium may induce chemotaxis by Hb-CD163 interactions whereas adding CD163 blocking antibody inhibits hemoglobin uptake and sustains hemoglobin concentration. AAA pathology consists of a pulsating enlargement or tender mass on ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or angiogram often requiring open surgical repair or endovascular repair. Hemoglobin causes inflammation and oxidation. Macrophages pickup hemoglobin from hemolysis & during wound healing. CD163 macrophages take up hemoglobin in adventitia of abdominal aortic aneurysm. CD163 functions on endocytosis of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes by RBC hemolysis. It's a hemoglobin scavenger receptor in monocyte-macrophage system. It causes hemoglobin uptake by macrophages & in CD163 transduced HEK293 cells, delivers hemoglobin to macrophages by conjugate binding, causes secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and allows research on hemolytic anemia pathology, tissue destruction, multiple peptide conjugate binding to hemoglobin-binding domains. Abdominal aortic aneurysmal (AAA) thrombus samples from luminal, intermediate, abluminal artery contain hemoglobin, monocytes, macrophages, cathepsins, proteinases, elastases, neutrophils, leukocytes and matrix metalloproteinases. Extraction of hemoglobin from AAA samples allows proteomic analysis by SELDI-TOF, MALDI-TOF-MS-MS, quantitative immunoassays, protein chip arrays containing chromatography binding conditions and surface arrays. Sample preparation allows research on hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, hemoglobin polymerization, pathovascular remodeling of AAA mural thrombus, CD163 mRNA expression, protein expression, monocyte recruitment and CD163 dependent monocyte chemotaxis.
“We are pleased with this data on abdominal aortic aneuryism & hemoglobin proteomics. HemogloBind™ minimizes hemoglobin interference from blood samples and allows research on cardiovascular pathology” states Swapan Roy, Ph.D., President and Founder of Biotech Support Group.
Dried Blood Spot(DBS)/Whole Blood
Hakuna, Lovemore, et al. "A simple assay for glutathione in whole blood."Analyst (2015).
A research article in the journal Analyst (
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/an/c5an00345h) cites Biotech Support Group’s HemogloBind™ sample preparation reagent to deplete hemoglobin (Hb) from whole blood samples containing glutathione to minimize interference from Hb in GSH fractions. Using a resorufin-acrylate fluorescent probe, GSH is quantitated in deproteinzed blood plasma and whole blood samples. The article states:
"Apart from dilution, Hb can be removed using a commercial product, HemogloBind™, which can isolate and remove up to 90% of blood Hb." Glutathione (GSH) is an antioxidant involved on nitric oxide regulation, covalent hemoglobin binding, DNA binding, leukotriene synthesis, protein synthesis and sepsis pathways. GSH is elevated in cancer tissues and proper minimally invasive GSH sample preparation from dried blood samples (DBS) allows research on neurodegenerative diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Authors Lovemore, et al cite a DBS method to fractionate GSH from blood components, deproteinization by filtration and depletion of hemoglobin enhances quantification & identification of GSH in whole blood samples. Then size exclusion chromatography or fluorescence imaging detection is performed for quantitative analysis and glutathione assay research.
Blood Plasma
Johns, Michael, et al. "SR-135, a peroxynitrite decomposing catalyst, enhances β-cell function and survival in B6D2F1 mice fed a high fat diet." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (2015).
A research article in the journal Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics(
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003986115001988) cites Biotech Support Group's HemogloBind™ sample preparation reagent to deplete hemoglobin (Hb) from lysed red blood cells. Authors cite peroxynitrite decomposing catalysts such as Mn(III) bis(hydroxyphenyl)-dipyrromethene complexes as important molecules in obesity sample preparation & development of anti-diabetic agents. SR-135 and it's analogs are synthesized to decompose peroxynitirie. In addition, authors provide experiment data on prevention of nitration assay, rat islet uptake, quantitation of tyrosine nitration, beta-cell area quantitation, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and plasma insulin level detection. The article states: "Blood plasma (50 µl) was mixed with HemogloBind (50 µl) to remove hemoglobin from lysed red blood cells."Plasma hemoglobin is depleted using Biotech Support Group's HemogloBind™ to extract hemoglobin from lysed red blood cells. Plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) is obtained. Precipitation using polyethylene glycol (PEG) of beta-lipoproteins, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) from HDL fractions is performed."We are pleased with this research on HemogloBind™ as interference is minimized and concentration of cholesterol proteins is obtained." states Swapan Roy, Ph.D., President and Founder of Biotech Support Group.
Biological Fluids
John Krupey. USA Patent App:10/180,053,2002 Removal of extraneous substances from biological fluids containing nucleic acids and the recovery of nucleic acids
In this patent, author Krupey describes how nucleic acids (genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA) are isolated. Nucleic acid carries genetic informationand polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to amplify nucleic acid from the base sequence-specific manner, and it allows detection, quantification, and the like of a target gene.Removing proteins and unwanted aggregated DNA from biological media containing desired nucleic acids, by subjecting the starting material to a water insoluble complex consisting of ProCipitate™-protein is described. HemogloBind™ is cited in this patent for high affinity from hemoglobin.
Red Cell Lysates
Kyoungsook Park, Christopher D. Saudek, and Gerald W. Hart Increased Expression of β-N-Acetylglucosamindase (O-GlcNAcase) in Erythrocytes from Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals. Diabetes.2010;59(7):1845-50.
Erythrocyte proteins are highly O-GlcNAcylated. In individual with pre-diabetes and diabetes, the level of O-GlcNAcase expressed significantly increases. From serum samples, erythrocyte proteins were extracted and hemoglobin was depleted followed by sonication and centrifugation. From the red blood cell lysates hemoglobin is efficiently depleted using HemogloBind™ from Biotech Support Group. Because HemogloBind™ is engineered for a high degree of selectivity and does not cross react with most common serum components, subsequent analysis of O-GlcNAcylation process in erythrocyte proteins is done by Western blotting using an O-GlcNAc specific antibody. Finally, the study of O-GlcNAcase allows for developing, validating, and qualifying biological markers that are compared with the level of A1C.
Stored Blood Products
Delobel J., Rubin O., Prudent M., Crettaz D., Tissot J.-D., Lion N. Biomarker Analysis of Stored Blood Products: Emphasis on Pre-Analytical Issues. International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2010;11(11):4601-4617
Authors Delobel et al cited Hemoglobind™'s application for hemoglobin depletion from the paper by Alvarez-Llamas et al, A novel methodology for the analysis of membrane and cytosolic sub-proteomes of erythrocytes by 2-DE. Electrophoresis, 30: 4095–4108. For biomarker discovery from erythrocyte proteome samples of erythrocyte concentrates, platelet concentrates and fresh frozen plasma blood products are used in proteomic analysis. This paper reviews the importance of standardizing sample preparation steps and controlling pre-analytical factors to identify proteins from cytosolic or membrane fractions. After using Hemoglobind™, one dimensional (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) and 2D electrophoresis are implemented to identify unique proteins from by MALDI-TOF MS analysis.
Red Blood Cells(RBC)/Forensic Research
Danielson, Phillip B. "Isolation of Highly Specific Protein Markers for the Identification of Biological Stains: Adapting Comparative Proteomics to Forensics." (2011).
Biotech Support Group reports on a technical report prepared by the U.S. Department of Justice. The central goal of the project was to isolate and identify candidate protein biomarkers that are highly specific to individual types of biological stains of forensic utility (i.e., saliva, semen, peripheral blood, menstrual blood, vaginal secretions, and urine).
The report is entitled “Isolation of Highly Specific Protein Markers for the Identification of Biological Stains:Adapting Comparative Proteomics to Forensics".
The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) has made this federally funded grant final report available electronically at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=258706 The report states:
“Serum obtained from menstrual blood samples was typically contaminated with erythrocyte cellular components due to the lysing of fragile red blood cells that are abundant in the endometrial lining during menses. As hemoglobin comprises 32-36% of all the proteins found in red blood cells the serum from menstrual blood samples contained large quantities of
hemoglobin which served to mask the detection of less abundant menstrual blood specific proteins. For this reason, hemoglobin was removed from collected serum prior to proteome
fractionation through use of HemogloBind™ (Biotech Support Group, Monmouth Junction, NJ). This hemoglobin capture reagent is a solid-phase, non-ionic adsorbent product that binds
specifically to hemoglobin allowing for the removal of 80-90% of hemoglobin from serum or red cell lysates. HemogloBind™ does not cross react with most common serum components, making it suitable for the proteomic applications of this research project.”“Here we find another use for HemogloBind™, further validating our unique surface technology approach, not based on biologicals, as being highly selective and an efficient method for the depletion of hemoglobin” states Swapan Roy, Ph.D., President and Founder of Biotech Support Group.
Red Blood Cells(RBC)/Blood
Christina M. Wilhelm, Thomas H. Snider, Michael C. Babin, David A. Jett, Gennady E. Platoff Jr., David T. Yeung. A comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of leading oxime therapies in guinea pigs exposed to organophosphorus chemical warfare agents or pesticides. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Available online 31 October 2014. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.009
Cholinesterase Analysis for Evaluating Oxime Therapies. Acetylcholine is an essential neurotransmitter, and inhibitors of cholinesterases(ChEs) are potent toxins. The objective of the present study is to identify an oxime antidote, under standardized and comparable conditions, that offers protection against chemical warfare agents or pesticides. Clinical signs of toxicity were observed for 24 h post challenge and blood cholinesterase [AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] activity was analyzed utilizing a modified Ellman's method. In the modified Ellman's enzymatic assay for evaluating ChE activity, HemogloBind™, Biotech Support Group's unique solid-phase polymer for hemoglobin depletion, was used for pre-treatment. The article states "Terminal blood samples were collected and processed for all survivors using HemogloBind™".
Barasa, Benjamin, and Monique Slijper. "
Challenges for red blood cell biomarker discovery through proteomics." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics 1844.5 (2014): 1003-1010
Biotech Support Group reports on a recent review article which describes the simplicity and efficiency of their proteomic sample preparation technology for selectively depleting hemoglobin, to help solve the dynamic range problem for comprehensive erythrocyte proteome analysis. The citation is: Barasa, Benjamin, and Monique Slijper. "
Challenges for red blood cell biomarker discovery through proteomics." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics 1844.5 (2014): 1003-1010.In brief, this review describes the many challenges to generate in-depth RBC proteome analysis, such as to obtain pure red blood cells, and to acquire an in-depth proteome, despite the dynamic range problem due to a few highly over-represented RBC proteins – especially hemoglobin which accounts for approximately 97% of the cytosolic mass. The article states "Hemoglobin can also be depleted from an RBC lysate by employing Hemoglobind- [39] or HemoVoid [40] affinity systems. Hemoglobind consist of an elastomeric poly-electrolytic surface that has been optimized to bind Hb from serum samples with high affinity, and can as well be used to remove Hb from RBC lysates [39]. Walpurgis et al. used a complex matrix to deplete the RBC sample for Hb, named HemoVoid, which is made of a library of different ligand combinations, consisting of several kinds of ionic, aromatic, and polymer ligands [40]. Low abundance proteins in the RBC lysate are captured and enriched by the HemoVoid ligand library, while the high abundance proteins such as Hb and CA-I are thought to quickly saturate the system, and they primarily end up in the flow-through. The high abundance proteins in an RBC lysate can thus be easily separated from the low abundance protein fraction. The chosen Hb-depletion approaches by both Alvarez-Llamas et al. [39] and Walpurgis et al. [40] are well compatible with analysis of the RBC protein fractions by 1D or 2D gel electrophoresis, followed by protein identification through mass spectrometry."
"It is worthwhile to note that the authors describe both our strategies for hemoglobin depletion, as the correct choice will vary with the application. With our own experience and with users such as those referenced in this article, we have gained the necessary knowledge to guide our users to the best option for hemoglobin depletion and/or low abundance enrichment" states Swapan Roy, Ph.D., President and Founder of Biotech Support Group.
References Acknowledged in the Review
1.[39] G. Alvarez-Llamas, F. de la Cuesta, M.G. Barderas, V.M. Darde, I. Zubiri, C. Caramelo, F. Vivanco A novel methodology for the analysis of membrane and cytosolic sub-proteomes of erythrocytes by 2-DE Electrophoresis, 30 (2009), pp. 4095–4108.
[40] K. Walpurgis, M. Kohler, A. Thomas, F. Wenzel, H. Geyer, W. Schanzer, M. Thevis
Validated hemoglobin-depletion approach for red blood cell lysate proteome analysis by means of 2D PAGE and Orbitrap MS Electrophoresis, 33 (2012), pp. 2537–2545
Hikosaka, Keisuke, et al. "
Deficiency of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 3 (Nmnat3) Causes Hemolytic Anemia by Altering the Glycolytic Flow in Mature Erythrocyte" Journal of Biological Chemistry(2014): jbc-M114.
Authors Hikosaka et al describe research on nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (Nmnat3) from red blood cells and its regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Detection of hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly in addition to reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels was noted in cells not containing Nmnat3. Glycolysis progression was stalled at the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) step as a deficiency of Nmnat3 led to lack of co-enzyme NAD. LC-MS/MS metabolomics and stable isotope tracer analysis revealed the impact of reduced NAD quantity in RBCs on glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. For selective extraction & isolation of hemoglobin from erythrocytes, HemogloBind™ from Biotech Support Group is used. Sample preparation of RBC samples involved separation of RBCs by Percoll gradient method. Monoclonal antibody anti-mice Nmnat3 against his tagged mouse Nmnat3 recombinant protein & spleen cells for hybridoma cells via the polyethylene glycol method was performed followed by western blotting of hybridoma cells, centrifugation and lysis. Western blot using a monoclonal antibody against Nmnat3 recombinant protein was from heart, skeletal and liver tissues.Staining of cells, scanning electron microscope analysis, cell sorting experiments are implemented followed by in vivo RBC assay. Samples are labeled with 13C glucose and metabolites are extracted. ATP, RBC, WBC, reticulocyte cell count was performed. The cytoplasmic fraction consisted of hemolyzed samples obtained from the supernatant and ghost for membrane fraction. An alpha cellulose & microcrystalline cellulose column for depleting platelets and leukocytes from heparinized whole blood for an assay of RBC metabolic enzymes is described. Extraction of metabolites from RBCs and NAD related metabolites from whole blood by perchloric acid method for LC-MS/MS measurement is done. Measurement of metabolite levels involved using MS and HPLC, quantitative analysis software and separations using a column. The article states "...Each sample was normalized by hemoglobin concentration at 20 µg/µl, and then hemoglobin was depleted using HemogloBind™".
McGarry, Kevin G., et al. "
Evaluation of HemogloBind™ treatment for preparation of samples for cholinesterase analysis." (2013). Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2013, 4, 1020-1023
In this article, measurement of cholinesterase activity prior to depletion and after removing hemoglobin is performed. A comparison of total cholinesterase activity with Ellman method and after Hemoglobind™ treatment prior to Ellman method did not display a statistical difference in mean ChE activity. Ellman's assay invovled measuring the sum of RBC membrane ChE activity and plasma ChE activity. Total cholinesterase activity of whole blood samples with Hemoglobind™ treatment prior to Ellman method is also consistent. Moreover, the Hemoglobind™ protocol is simpler with one incubation and short, low speed centrifugation.This article further validates our unique surface technology approach, not based on antibodies or engineered bio-ligands, as being highly selective and an efficient method for the depletion of hemoglobin concurrent with the recovery of functional activity.
Alvarez-Llamas, Gloria, Fernando de la Cuesta, Maria G. Barderas, Irene Zubiri, Maria Posada-Ayala, and Fernando Vivanco. "
Characterization of Membrane and Cytosolic Proteins of Erythrocytes." In Vascular Proteomics, pp. 71-80. Humana Press, 2013.
Proteomic profiling of erythrocyte proteins to identify novel proteins linked to diseases is an evolving field of clinical proteomics. Cytosolic proteins could contribute to pathology of diseased erythrocytes. Hemoglobin interferes with LC-MS/MS analysis of low abundance cytosolic proteins. Hemoglobin depletion of cytosolic proteins is essential for proteomic sample preparation. Authors Gloria Alvarez-Llamas et al published a chapter in the book Vascular Proteomics titled, Characterization of membrane and cytosolic proteins of erythrocytes, which cites HemogloBind™ from Biotech Support Group for hemoglobin depletion of erythrocyte cells from the cytosolic fraction. A simple method of hemoglobin depletion using HemogloBind™ protocol allows for subsequent downstream proteomic analysis using 2-DE as it reduces major interference of hemoglobin from samples of red blood cells (RBCs) and identifies proteins.
Alvarez-Llamas, G., de la Cuesta, F., Barderas, M. G., Darde, V. M., Zubiri, I., Caramelo, C., Vivanco, F.
A novel methodology for the analysis of membrane and cytosolic sub-proteomes of erythrocytes by 2-DE. Electrophoresis.2009;30:4095-4108
Authors in this study focused on the analysis of human cytosolic and membrane sub-proteomes. Hemoglobin from samples of red blood cells was studied using different strategies for isolation of the membrane and cytosolic fractions to determine the influence it has on proteome profiling by 2-DE and hemoglobin removal. Biotech Support Group's hemoglobin depletion reagent, HemogloBind™ was successfully used to erythrocyte cells. The results showed that Hemoglobind™ does have a high degree of specificity for hemoglobin and minimal interference. Particularly interesting is how authors developed a novel combined strategy based on hypotonic lysis isolation for identification of high molecular weight proteins (i.e. spectrin, ankyrin) by nano-LC coupled to an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.
Zihao Wang, Kyoungsook Park, Frank Comer1, Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson, Christopher D. Saudek, Gerald W. Hart.
Site-Specific GlcNAcylation of Human Erythrocyte Proteins: Potential Biomarker(s) for Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes.2008;58, 309-317.
O-GlcNAc actively cycles on erythrocyte, regulates insulin signaling and is a mediator of glucose toxicity. Therefore studying it may reveal potential biomarker for diagnoses of diabetes. Highly efficient enrichment methods based Hemoglobind™ overcome the challenges of low stoichiometry, suppressed ionization efficiency in presence of unmodified peptides, and intrinsic lability in gas phase mass spectrometric methods. In this paper, authors used Hemoglobind™ to study erythrocyte proteins and compared it with their abundance between normal and diabetic samples proteins. Blood samples were obtained from normal and diabetic patients collected into a vial containing EDTA and OGlcNAcase inhibitor PUGNAc. Next the researchers fractionated the blood cells to isolate erythrocytes. After erythrocytes were lysed and centrifuged, the supernatant containing hemoglobin was partially depleted by HemogloBind™ from Biotech Support Group.
Datta, Pradip.
Effect of Hemolysis, High Bilirubin, Lipemia, Paraproteins, and System Factors on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Handbook of Drug Monitoring Methods.2008; 97-109.
Bilirubin, hemoglobin, lipids, paraproteins are endogenous interferents of immunoassays used in clinical laboratories which affect therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), drugs of abuse (DAU) testing, and toxicology assays. Hemoglobin interference is caused by its absorption, fluorescence and chemiluminescence properties. Often assays are repeated with different methods or by removing the interferent from the sample. In this book chapter, authors Datta et al cited HemogloBind™ the synthetic solid phase anionic polyelectrolyte from Biotech Support Group for hemoglobin depletion and reduction of matrix effects.
Yuichi Miki, Tomoki Tazawa, Kazuya Hirano, Hideki Matsushima, Shoko Kumamoto, Naotaka Hamasaki, Tomohiro Yamaguchi, Masatoshi Beppu.
Clearance of oxidized erythrocytes by macrophages: Involvement of caspases in the generation of clearance signal at band 3 glycoprotein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2007; 363(1):57-62
Reduction of erythrocyte clearance by macrophages happens when oxidative stress is decreased either by pretreatment with Hemoglobind™ or enzymes inhibiting caspases causing decreased band 3 aggregation. Band 3 aggregation increased by actions of caspases and was reduced by treatment with caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-fmk or Z-DQMD-fmk (caspase 3 selective) prior to oxidation. Pretreatment of erythrocytes exposed to H2O2 have increased propensity to bind and get phagocyted by macrophages. In this paper authors used anti-band 3 serum to reduce binding and pretreatment of erythrocytes with Hemoglobind™ & polylactosamine-cleaving enzyme.
Sarawathi,et al.,
Relative quantification of glycated Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Feb2; 1426(3):483-90.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) was used for relative quantification of glycated Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) in human erythrocytes. SOD-1 samples were prepared from erythrocytes by removing hemoglobin using Hemoglobind™ gel followed by ethanol and chloroform extraction. The reproducibility in measurement of the relative percentage of glycated protein was good, and the standard deviation of each measurement was 4.0%. From the mass spectral analysis of a mixture of commercial SOD-1 and in vitro partially glycated SOD-1 in several ratios, it was found that free and glycated SOD-1 have the same ionization efficiencies. The percentage of glycation on SOD-1 was measured in 30 individuals, including patients with diabetes mellitus. The glycation levels ranged from 4.5% to below the detection limit. The SOD-1 sample extracted from erythrocytes was fractionated by Glyco-Gel B chromatography, and the separated fractions were analyzed by MS. The mass spectra of absorbed fraction showed significant amounts of non-specific binding of non-glycated proteins to Glyco-Gel B.
Serum
Baion, C.M. & Ali, A.C., Evaluation Of HemogloBind™ For Removal Of O-Raffinose Crosslinked Hemoglobin (Hemolink™) From Serum, poster AACC Meeting 1997.
Similar to HBOCs, Hemolink™ interferes with lab testing of serum because it comprises of stabilized human hemoglobin molecules consisting of hemoglobin tetramers intermolecularly cross-linked by amino groups to form hemoglobin polymers. Authors Baion et al evaluated the efficiency of HemogloBind™ in removing Hemolink from serum by following the HemogloBind™ protocol.
Hemoglobind ™ is an ideal sample preparation reagent to develop the most complete and informative human RBC proteome experimental data
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
References
Hemolyzed Serum Analyses
Neil Adrian P. Ondevilla, Peng-Wen Liu, Wan-Ting Huang, Tzu-Ping Weng, Nan-Yao Lee, Syu-Cing Ma, Jian-Jang Huang, Tak-Wah Wong, Hsien-Chang Chang, A point-of-care electrochemical biosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers in murine models with LPS-induced sepsis , Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 254, 2024, 116202, ISSN 0956-5663, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2024.116202.
The article states “… Hemolysis is common in blood samples, which can interfere with the detection. Prior to the analysis, the hemolyzed samples were pretreated for 15 min with Hemoglobind™… ”
Nishida-Aoki, Nao, et al. "Disruption of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy against Cancer Metastasis. " Molecular Therapy 25.1 (2017): 181-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.009
The researchers report on a novel strategy of therapeutic antibody treatment to target cancer-derived EVs and inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer in a mouse model. The article states “Hemoglobin was accumulated with HemogloBind™ beads… EVs in the sera were concentrated by ultracentrifugation…”.
Red Cell Lysates
Barakat, Amey, et al. "Effects of 2, 3‐DPG knockout on SCD phenotype in Townes SCD model mice ." American Journal of Hematology (2023).
For Western blot analysis, the article states “Red blood cells were lysed by vortexing and hemoglobin was depleted using HemogloBind™.”
Chen, Yaozhen, et al. " https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4626203" Available at SSRN 4626203.
To investigate the downstream signaling of caspase-8 in mature RBCs, label free proteomic analysis was conducted. The article states “RBC lysates (control and complement-treated groups) … Hemoglobin was removed by adding 250 μl of HemogloBind suspension (Biotech Support Group) to the cell lysate.… Subsequently, samples without hemoglobin were analyzed using chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)”. This analysis identified proteins with both upregulated and downregulated expressions in response to complement activation.
Sae-Lee, Wisath, et al. "The protein organization of a red blood cell. " Cell Reports 40.3 (2022): 111103.
“
For hemolysate preparations, remnant white ghosts were removed by centrifugation at 21,000 ×g for 40 min at 4°C, and the supernatant treated with HemogloBind (Biotech Support Group) in order to bind and remove free Hgb.”
Zhan, Jing, et al. "Silica nanoparticles trigger phosphatidylserine exposure in red blood cells and induce thrombosis risk ." Environmental Pollution (2023): 121591.
For Western blot analysis, the article states “To evaluate the phosphorylated ERK1/2 and total ERK1/2, the protein samples from different groups were mixed with 100 μL of HemogloBind™ suspension (Biotech Support Group LLC, NJ, USA) that could specifically adsorb hemoglobin”.
Hojo-Souza NS, de Azevedo PO, de Castro JT, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Lieberman J, et al. (2020) Contributions of IFN-γ and granulysin to the clearance of Plasmodium yoelii blood stage . PLOS Pathogens 16(9): e1008840. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008840.
The authors investigated how Plasmodium infection induces MHC-I expression on Retics. To remove interferences associated with Hemoglobin, the article states, “For western blot analysis, erythroblasts pellets were resuspended in RIPA Buffer (Sigma)…. The Retics were treated with HemogloBind …”.
Dziekan, Jerzy Michal, et al. "Cellular thermal shift assay for the identification of drug–target interactions in the Plasmodium falciparum proteome. " Nature Protocols (2020): 1-41.
The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) enables proteome-wide target screening for unmodified compounds with undetermined mechanisms of action, providing quantitative evidence about direct drug–protein interactions. The workflow involves treatment of P. falciparum–infected erythrocytes with a compound of interest, heat exposure to denature proteins, soluble protein isolation, enzymatic digestion, peptide labeling with tandem mass tags, offline fractionation, and LC-MS analysis. The article states “The intact-cell CETSA protocol features a HemogloBind-based sample processing step, which provides a relatively fast, reliable and inexpensive method to deplete >90% of hemoglobin from processed intact-cell samples. As a result, it leads to a 40-50% increase in the number of peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) ...”.
Nguyen, Anthony T., et al. "UBE2O remodels the proteome during terminal erythroid differentiation ." Science 357.6350 (2017): eaan0218. This study used multiplexed quantitative proteomics to identify candidate substrates of UBE2O, an E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzyme, in an unbiased and global manner. Because of the overly abundant presence of Hemoglobin, selective depletion of Hemoglobin was necessary. The article states “Reticulocytes were lysed by vortexing for 5 minutes at room temperature… An additional 10 bed vol of Hemoglobind™ suspension was added to the samples, which were then vortexed for another 10 min at room temperature followed by 4 min of centrifugation at 10000 x g. The supernatants, which contain hemoglobin-depleted sample, were … processed for TMT quantification.”.
Whole Blood Lysates
de Boni, Laura, et al. " Aggregation-resistant alpha-synuclein tetramers are reduced in the blood of Parkinson’s patients ." EMBO Molecular Medicine (2024): 1-18. Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) are defined by the accumulation and aggregation of the α-synuclein protein in neurons, glia and other tissues. In this study, an in vitro-cross-linking protocol for human EDTA-whole blood was used to determine the relative levels of disordered and higher-ordered multimeric forms of cytosolic α-synuclein in blood. The protocol incorporated HemogloBind™ to remove interference from Hemoglobin.
Das, Amaresh, et al. "Enhanced Recovery and Detection of Highly Infectious Animal Disease Viruses by Virus Capture Using Nanotrap® Microbiome a Particles. " (2024).
This study reports the use of Nanotrap® Microbiome A Particles (NMAPs) to capture and concentrate viruses from diluted suspensions to improve their recovery and sensitivity of detection. Five highly infectious animal disease viruses were used in this study. NMAPs were used to capture spiked viruses from EDTA whole blood (EWB). Virus capture from EWB was partially blocked, most likely by hemoglobin (HMB), which also binds NMAPs and outcompetes the viruses. The interference effect from hemoglobin could be removed by first using
HemogloBind™ (Biotech Support Group; Monmouth Junction, NJ), without interfering with virus capture.
Kaneko, Tomonori, et al. "System-wide hematopoietic and immune signaling aberrations in COVID-19 revealed by deep proteome and phosphoproteome analysis. " Research Square preprint (2021). The author’s goals were to gain systems-level insights into SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. For that, they compared the blood proteome and phosphoproteome of ICU patients with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, and healthy control subjects by quantitative mass spectrometry. To remove the highly abundant amount of Hemoglobin, the article states “Hemoglobin was depleted from PBMC whole cell lysate samples according to HemogloBindTM manufacturer instruction with modifications.”
Leitner, Dominique F., et al. " Metabolomic, Proteomic, and Transcriptomic Changes in Adults with Epilepsy on Modified Atkins Diet. " Epilepsia (2023).
For Plasma Metabolomics, the article states “Whole blood was thawed on ice and processed to remove hemoglobin by NuGel-HemogloBind according to manufacturer protocol…”
Kaneko, Tomonori, et al. "Kinome and phosphoproteome reprogramming underlies the aberrant immune responses in critically ill COVID-19 patients." (2023). The article states “For Sample processing for proteomics by mass spectrometry,… Hemoglobin was depleted from PBMC whole cell lysate samples according to HemogloBind (Biotech Support Group LLC) manufacturer instruction …” The report shows that COVID-19 PBMC proteome and phosphoproteome undergo dynamic changes during disease progression, and the corresponding protein or phosphoprotein signatures can distinguish longitudinal disease states.
Lahut, Suna, et al. "Blood RNA biomarkers in prodromal PARK4 and REM sleep behavior disorder show role of complexin-1 loss for risk of Parkinson's disease." Disease Models & Mechanisms (2017): dmm-028035. http://dmm.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/dmm.028035. The authors studied blood samples from a new large pedigree with SNCA gene duplication (PARK4 mutation), to identify effects of SNCA gain-of-function as potential disease biomarkers. The article states “…300 μl blood were lysed with equal amount of 1% SDS-RIPA buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 1% Igepal CA-630 (Sigma), 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 1 mM PMSF and one tablet Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche)] and sonicated for 10 sec. The blood lysates were rotated at 4 °C for 30 min and centrifuged at 4 °C for 30 min. The supernatants were depleted in hemoglobin content using a commercial kit (HemogloBind™) following the manufacturer’s instructions”.
Chalásová, Katarína, et al. "Transketolase Activity but not Thiamine Membrane Transport Change in Response to Hyperglycaemia and Kidney Dysfunction." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology &
Diabetes (2017). https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0043-115009
Diabetic kidney disease, a common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and represents the most common cause of chronic kidney disease. The study hypothesized that protective pentose phosphate pathway action in diabetes might be compromised by limited intracellular availability of an active transketolase cofactor thiamine diphosphate (TDP). To evaluate the levels of thiamine transporter proteins in whole blood, the article states “ For protein isolation, whole blood aliquots were lysed with water and haemoglobin was removed using HemogloBind™…”
Hemoglobin Isolation and Derivative Analysis
Dasauni, Pushpanjali, et al. " Optimization and Identification of Single Mutation in Hemoglobin Variants with 2, 2, 2 Trifluoroethanol Modified Digestion Method and Nano− LC Coupled MALDI MS/MS ." Molecules 27.19 (2022): 6357. “The use of Hemoglobind reduced the time to obtain pure Hb in an easy single–step procedure . Pure Hb protein is required specifically to optimize and standardize methods for diagnostics. … The desorbed Hb was compatible with LC–MS, and other proteomics studies, as we verified, did not show any change in its intact mass either. This one−step affinity purification gave us the utmost purified Hb.”
Igoh, Akihisa, Masanobu Miura, and Satoru Miyaishi. "Animal Species and Blood Identification with Peptide Mass Fingerprinting." Analytical Chemistry (2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04314
The article states “We have developed the application of commercially available reagents for simply purifying hemoglobin from a wide range of animal species. …Blood, saliva, urine, semen, and sweat (20 μL); filter paper from which sweat was collected; and 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μL of pooled blood samples were treated with HemogloBind™ (BIOTECH SUPPORT GROUP, NJ, USA) to obtain hemoglobin solutions following manufacturer’s protocol. …Hemoglobin was then dissociated according to the protocol to obtain a purified solution ….”
Yamagishi, Yoshikazu, Hirotaro Iwase, and Yasumitsu Ogra. " Post-Mortem Changes of Methomyl in Blood with Hemoglobin. " Chemical Research in Toxicology. In this study, the researchers considered specific methomyl hemoglobin adducts detected by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF MS). To help isolate Hemoglobin, the article states “Hb was separated with HemogloBind in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.” The authors conclude that one Hemoglobin derivative, the W-adduct could be used as a biomarker of methomyl poisoning.
Tissue Lysates, LC-MS Proteomics
Jara, Zaira Palomino, et al. "Distinct Mechanisms of β-Arrestin–Biased Agonist and Blocker of AT1R in Preventing Aortic Aneurysm and Associated Mortality. " Hypertension 80.2 (2023): 385-402.
The article states “Cleaned abdominal aortas were homogenized in T-PER Tissue Protein Extraction reagent…. Abdominal aneurysm samples were treated to remove hemoglobin captured within the vessel wall. NuGel-HemogloBind … was used according to the manufacturer protocol.”
Heather E. McKiernan, Phillip B. Danielson, Catherine O. Brown, Masha Signaevsky, Christian G. Westring and Kevin M. Legg, Developmental Validation of a Multiplex Proteomic Assay for the Identification of Forensically Relevant Biological Fluids, Forensic Science International, (2021)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073821002280?via%3Dihub. The aim of this study was to validate a multiplex proteomic assay for the identification of target peptide fragments by multiple reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer originating from tissue-specific proteins. The article states “If samples contained excessive quantities of hemolyzed red blood cells, four volumes of HemogloBind™ were added.” The authors conclude that the mass spectrometry-based workflow offers significant advantages compared to existing serological methods.
C Wan, B Borgeson, S Phanse, F Tu, K Drew, G Clark, et al. Panorama of ancient metazoan macromolecular complexes. Nature Volume:525, Pages:339–344 Date published:(17 September 2015). doi:10.1038/nature14877.
HemogloBind™, contributed to this rigorous examination of protein complexes. When our products (HemogloBind™ & NRicher™ 6) were used as a pretreatment step in the overall workflow, twice the number of observations and annotations became possible. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the importance of a key feature implicit to all of our products; that is the maintenance of functional and structural integrity after separations.
Species Agnostic – Applications to Different Species
Zhang, X., Li, S., Malik, I. et al. Reprogramming tumour-associated macrophages to outcompete cancer cells. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06256-5 To measure the amino acid content by LC-MS from tumor interstitial fluid, the article states “Samples were brought through a NuGel-HemogloBind (Biotech Support Group) prep prior to extraction to remedy the levels of haemolysis present.
Igoh, Akihisa, Masanobu Miura, and Satoru Miyaishi. "Animal Species and Blood Identification with Peptide Mass Fingerprinting." Analytical Chemistry (2024). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04314
The article states “We have developed the application of commercially available reagents for simply purifying hemoglobin from a wide range of animal species. …Blood, saliva, urine, semen, and sweat (20 μL); filter paper from which sweat was collected; and 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 μL of pooled blood samples were treated with HemogloBind™ (BIOTECH SUPPORT GROUP, NJ, USA) to obtain hemoglobin solutions following manufacturer’s protocol. …Hemoglobin was then dissociated according to the protocol to obtain a purified solution ….”
Witchey, Shannah K., et al. "Reproductive and developmental toxicity following exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers, triphenyl phosphate and isopropylated phenyl phosphate, in Sprague Dawley
rats." Toxicological Sciences (2022). https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfac135. The investigators used HemogloBind™ to reduce interferences associated with Hemoglobin in whole blood lysates ; the article stating “Blood samples…were analyzed for Acetylcholinesterase and Butyryl cholinesterase activity…”
8
02102025
Southwell, Rebecca Marie, Kenneth Sherlock, and Matthew Baylis. " Cross-sectional study of British wild deer for evidence of Schmallenberg virus infection. " Veterinary Record (2020). The purpose of this study was to survey wild deer across Great Britain for recent evidence of Schmallenberg virus (SBV). Postmortem blood samples were tested for SBV antibodies. Because of the presence of Hemoglobin interference in many samples, the article states “In order to avoid poor quality samples yielding false ELISA results, 59 samples estimated to have above 50mg/dL and less than 250mg/dL haemoglobin concentration, according to their colour, were selected for treatment with HemogloBind™ (Biotech Support Group, New Jersey, USA).”.
Snider, Thomas H., Christina M. Wilhelm, Michael C. Babin, Gennady E. Platoff Jr, and David T. Yeung. " Assessing the therapeutic efficacy of oxime therapies against percutaneous organophosphorus pesticide and nerve agent challenges in the Hartley guinea pig. "The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 40, no. 6 (2015): 759-775.
Clinical signs of cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity can be measured from blood cholinesterase [Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] activity utilizing a modified Ellman's method. Biotech Support Group’s unique solid-phase polymer for hemoglobin depletion, was used for pretreatment. The article states “Briefly, whole blood samples were treated with HemogloBind™ which interferes with the ChE activity assay due to spectral overlap.”
Craig, J. R., et al. "A comparison of the anatomical and gastrointestinal functional development between gilt and sow progeny around birth and weaning. " Journal of animal science (2019). Gilt progeny (GP) often have restricted growth performance and health status in comparison to sow progeny (SP) from birth. To better understand underlying mechanisms, the study aimed to compare differences in growth and development between GP and SP in the first 24 h after birth and in the peri-weaning period. Because serum samples were quite hemolysed after collection and processing, it became necessary to use HemogloBind™ to allow for better detection of IgG by ELISA. The article states “As per the manufacturer’s instructions, 250 μL of Hemoglobind was added to 250 μL of hemolyzed serum…
Parvathi S. Kumar, Haree K. Pallera, Pamela S. Hair, Magdielis Gregory Rivera, Tushar A. Shah, Alice L. Werner,Frank A. Lattanzio, Kenji M. Cunnion, and Neel K. Krishna. Peptide inhibitor of complement C1 modulates acute intravascular hemolysis of mismatched red blood cells in rats. TRANSFUSION Volume 00, May 2016.
doi:10.1111/trf.13674. In brief, the study evaluated the role of a peptide inhibitor of complement C1 (PIC1) in an animal model of acute intravascular hemolysis in both prevention and rescue scenarios. The authors state "To remove free Hb that may cause optical interference in bilirubin analysis, we treated all the samples with Hb depletion from hemolyzed serum/plasma (HemogloBind). Bilirubin concentration was then measured with a Bilirubin Assay Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO)."
Urine
Dugbartey, George J., et al. "Static cold storage with mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor improves renal graft function in an ex vivo porcine model of controlled donation-after-cardiac-death kidney transplantation. " International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24.18 (2023): 14017.
Urine and arterial blood samples were collected hourly during reperfusion. The article states “Urine protein levels were measured using an IDEXX Urine Analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbook, ME, USA) following a 1:3 dilution of urine in HemogloBind (Biotech Support Group, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) to obtain clearer urine samples after 10 min of vigorous shaking and centrifugation at 12,000× g.”.
|
|
 |
 |
 |
 |


|